Sains Malaysiana 52(8)(2023): 2323-2336

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5208-12

Kajian terhadap EIS dan Kaedah Kehilangan Berat: Novel Perencat Kakisan Hijau daripada Ekstrak Etlingera elatior

(Investigation of EIS and Weight Loss Method: A Novel of Green Corrosion Inhibitor from Etlingera elatior Extract)

SYAHIDAH NABILA ROSLI¹, NORINSAN KAMIL OTHMAN^1,* & AHMAD RIFQI MD ZAIN²

¹Jabatan Fizik Gunaan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

²Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Received: 8 April 2023/Accepted: 3 August 2023

Abstrak

Perencatan kakisan berasaskan bahan pengekstrakan tumbuhan telah mendapat perhatian penyelidik sejak beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini disebabkan tidak bertoksik dan biodegredasi. Hasil ekstrak Etlingera elatior telah digunAakan dalam kajian ini sebagai perencat kakisan hijau dalam medium  0.5 M asid hidroklorik (HCl). Dalam kajian ini, bahan  ekstrak yang diperoleh telah dicirikan menggunakan analisis spektroskopi inframerah Fourier-transformasi (FTIR) dan spektroskopi jisim-kromatografi gas (GC-MS) untuk mengenal pasti kumpulan berfungsi dan sebatian kimia yang wujud. Keberkesanan bahan ekstrak dalam perencatan kakisan keluli berkarbon rendah telah dikaji melalui ujian kehilangan berat dan ujian impedans (EIS) dalam medium berasid mengikut parameter suhu (25 °C, 45 °C dan 65 °C) dan kepekatan ekstrak (250 ppm, 450 ppm, 650 ppm, 950 ppm dan 1050 ppm) yang berbeza. Spesimen keluli berkarbon rendah dicirikan melalui mikroskop elektron imbasan (SEM) dan serakan x penyebaran tenaga (EDX). Spektroskopi inframerah Fourier-transformasi (FTIR) telah menunjukkan kehadiran kumpulan berfungsi seperti hidroksil dan alkena. Sebatian organik yang mempunyai ikatan π dengan kepadatan elektron tinggi akan memudahkan proses penjerapan. Analisis GC-MS pula mendedahkan empat sebatian utama yang terdapat dalam ekstrak Etlingera elatior iaitu N-asid hexadekanoik, siklododekan, 9,12-asid oktadekadienoik dan asid dodekanoik. Kecekapan perencatan yang diperoleh dari ujian kehilangan berat mendapati bahawa peratusan kecekapan perencatan tertinggi adalah 93.6%, manakala bagi ujian impedans (EIS) adalah 90.5% pada kepekatan 950 ppm. Suhu yang tinggi juga mempercepatkan kadar kakisan dan kecekapan perencatan (IE%) menurun. Morfologi pembentukan lapisan pelindung dilihat pada permukaan berkarbon rendah apabila dengan kehadiran perencat kakisan ekstrak Etlingera elatior. Secara keseluruhannya, perencat kakisan daripada ekstrak Etlingera elatior berupaya menghalang kakisan berlaku disokong pula dengan sifat yang mesra alam.

Kata kunci: Ekstrak Etlingera elatior; kecekapan perencatan; keluli berkarbon rendah; Spektroskopi Impedans Elektrokimia (EIS); 0.5 M asid hidroklorik (HCl)

Abstract

Corrosion inhibition based on plant extracts has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years due to its non-toxicity and biodegradability. Etlingera elatior extract was used in this study as a green corrosion inhibitor in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) medium. In this study, the extract obtained was characterized using fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analysis (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the functional groups and chemical compounds present. The effectiveness of Etlingera elatior extract in the corrosion inhibition of mild steel was studied through weight loss test and impedance test (EIS) in acidic medium according to different temperature parameters (25 °C, 45 °C and 65 °C) and extract concentration (250 ppm, 450 ppm, 650 ppm, 950 ppm and 1050 ppm). Mild steel specimens were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-dispersive (EDX). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has shown the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl and alkenes. Organic compounds that have π bonds with high electron density will facilitate the adsorption process. GC-MS analysis showed four main compounds found in Etlingera elatior extract whice are N-hexadecanoic acid, cyclododecane, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid and dodecanoic acid. The inhibition efficiency obtained from the weight loss test found that the highest inhibition efficiency percentage was 93.6%, while for the impedance test (EIS) it was 90.5% at a concentration of 950 ppm. High temperature also accelerates the corrosion rate and the inhibition efficiency (IE%) decreases. The morphology of the protective layer formation is seen on the mild steel surface when in the presence of the corrosion inhibitor Etlingera elatior extract. Overall, the corrosion inhibitor from Etlingera elatior extract is able to prevent corrosion from occurring supported by its eco-friendly properties.

Keywords: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS); Etlingera elatior extract; inhibition efficiency; mild steel; 0.5 M hydrochloric acid

REFERENCES

Akinbulumo, O.A., Odejobi, O.J. & Odekanle, E.L. 2020. Thermodynamics and adsorption study of the corrosion inhibition of mild steel by Euphorbia heterophylla L. extract in 1.5 ​M HCl. Results in Materials 5: 100074.

Al Otaibi, N. & Hammud, H.H. 2021. Corrosion inhibition using harmal leaf extract as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor. Molecules 26(22): 7024.

Arwati, I.G.A., Majlan, E.H., Daud, W.R.W., Shyuan, L.K., Arifin, K.B., Husaini, T., Alva, S. & Radzuan, N.A.M. 2019. Electrophoresis deposition Arabic gum effect on aluminium 5052 reduce corrosion. Sains Malaysiana 48(2): 401-406.

Barbosa, G.B., Jayasinghe, N.S., Natera, S.H.A., Inutan, E.D., Peteros, N.P. & Roessner, U. 2017. From common to rare Zingiberaceae plants - A metabolomics study using GC-MS. Phytochemistry 140: 141-150.

Bouoidina, A., El-Hajjaji, F., Abdellaoui, A., Rais, Z., Filali Baba, M., Chaouch, M., Karzazi, O., Lahkimi, A. & Taleb, M. 2017. Theoretical and experimental study of the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acid medium using some surfactants of the essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare bulb. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science 8(4): 1328-1339.

Chigondo, M. & Chigondo, F. 2016. Recent natural corrosion inhibitors for mild steel: An overview. Journal of Chemistry 2016: Article ID. 6208937.

Deni Susanti, Nurul Aina Awang, Haitham Qaralleh, Hassan Ibrahim Sheikh Mohamed & Nissad Attoumani. 2013. Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of essential oil of Malaysian Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith flowers. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants 16(2): 294-299.

Devikala, S., Kamaraj, P., Arthanareeswari, M. & Pavithra, S. 2019. Green corrosion inhibition of mild steel by Asafoetida extract extract in 3.5% NaCl. Materials Today: Proceedings 14(2): 590-601.

Fares, M.M., Maayta, A.K. & Al-Qudah, M.M. 2012. Pectin as promising green corrosion inhibitor of aluminum in hydrochloric acid solution. Corrosion Science 60: 112-117.

Fayeka, M., Haseeb, A.S.M.A. & Fazal, M.A. 2017. Electrochemical corrosion behaviour of Pb-free SAC 105 and SAC 305 solder alloys: A comparative study. Sains Malaysiana 46(2): 295-302.

Goyal, M., Vashisht, H., Kumar, A., Kumar, S., Bahadur, I., Benhiba, F. & Zarrouk, A. 2020. Isopentyltriphenylphosphonium bromideionic liquid as a newly effective corrosion inhibitor on metal-electrolyte interface in acidic medium: Experimental, surface morphological (SEM-EDX & AFM) and computational analysis. Journal of Molecular Liquids 316: 113838.

Helen, L.Y.S., Rahim, A.A., Saad, B., Saleh, M.I. & Raja, P.B. 2014. Aquilaria crassna leaves extracts - A green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCL medium. International Journal of Electrochemical Science 9(2): 830-846.

Hossain, N., Chowdhury, M.A., Rana, M., Hassan, M. & Islam, S. 2022. Terminalia arjuna leaves extract as green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl solution. Results in Engineering 14(April): 100438.

Hossain, N., Asaduzzaman Chowdhury, M. & Kchaou, M. 2021. An overview of green corrosion inhibitors for sustainable and environment friendly industrial development. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 35(7): 673-690.

Jaafar, F.M., Osman, C.P., Ismail, N.H. & Awang, K. 2007. Analysis of essential oils of leaves, stems, flowers and rhizomes of Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith. The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences 11(1): 267-273.

Jain Kassim, M., Jian Ming, W., Hazwan Hussin, M. & Kang Wei, T. 2010. Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic solution by ethanol extract of Uncaria gambir. Journal of Corrosion Science and Engineering 13(1): 1-13.

Jokar, M., Farahani, T.S. & Ramezanzadeh, B. 2016. Electrochemical and surface characterizations of morus alba pendula leaves extract (MAPLE) as a green corrosion inhibitor for steel in 1M HCl. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 63: 436-452.

Juwita, T., Puspitasari, I.M. & Levita, J. 2018. Torch ginger (Etlingera elatior): A review on its botanical aspects, phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 21(4): 151-165.

Kaur, L., Singh, D., Cooper, R., Kaur, M., Singh, H., Mutreja, V. & Sharma, A. 2021. Comprehensive review on ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry, biological potential and toxicology of Parthenium hysterophorus L.: A journey from noxious weed to a therapeutic medicinal plant. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 281(April): 114525.

Mohammed, N.J. & Othman, N.K. 2020. Date palm seed extract as a green corrosion inhibitor in 0.5 M HCl medium for carbon steel: Electrochemical measurement and weight loss studies. International Journal of Electrochemical Science 15: 9597-9610.

Saudah, Ernilasari, Fitmawati, Dewi Indriyani Roslim, Zumaidar, Darusman, Monalisa & Arif Habibal Umam 2021. A phytochemical screening of Bakkala (Etlingera elatior) originated from suakbugis, Aceh, Indonesia and its potential in ethnobotany. International Journal of Herbal Medicine 9(4): 37-42.

Shaik, N.B., Pedapati, S.R. & Abd Dzubir, F.A. 2022. Remaining useful life prediction of a piping system using artificial neural networks: A case study. Ain Shams Engineering Journal 13(2): 101535.

Siti Zuliana Salleh, Abdul Hafidz Yusoff, Siti Koriah Zakaria, Mustaffa Ali Azhar Taib, Anasyida Abu Seman, Mohamad Najmi Masri, Mardawani Mohamad, Sarizam Mamat, Sharizal Ahmad Sobri, Arlina Ali & Pao Ter Teo. 2021. Plant extracts as green corrosion inhibitor for ferrous metal alloys : A review. Journal of Cleaner Production 304: 127030.

Sotoodeh, K. 2018. Analysis and improvement of material selection for process piping system in offshore industry. American Journal of Mechanical Engineering 6(1): 17-26.

Usher, K.M., Kaksonen, A.H., Cole, I. & Marney, D. 2014. Critical review: Microbially influenced corrosion of buried carbon steel pipes. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 93: 84-106.

Verma, D.K., Dewangan, Y., Dewangan, A.K. & Asatker, A. 2021. Heteroatom-based compounds as sustainable corrosion inhibitors: An overview. Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion 7: 15.

Zakeri, A., Bahmani, E. & Aghdam, A.S.R. 2022. Plant extracts as sustainable and green corrosion inhibitors for protection of ferrous metals in corrosive media: A mini review. Corrosion Communications 5: 25-38.

Zhang, X., Li, W., Yu, G., Zuo, X., Luo, W., Zhang, J., Tan, B., Fu, A. & Zhang, S. 2020. Evaluation of Idesia polycarpa Maxim fruits extract as a natural green corrosion inhibitor for copper in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution. Journal of Molecular Liquids 318: 114080.

*Corresponding author; email: insan@ukm.edu.my